CSF1 and neoplasm: Radiotherapy can induce adaptive immune responses in tumors, which can be achieved by increasing the expression of MHC class I proteins in tumor cells, enhancing antigen presentation, promoting the release of damaging molecular-related patterns from damaged tumor cells and enhancing the recruitment and activity of antigen-presenting cells (40), and the combination of CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibitors and radiotherapy exert a synergistic effect and enhance the anti-tumor immunity.