EGR1 can be activated by a wide array of stimuli (e.g., growth factors, cytokines) and various cellular stress states (e.g., viral infections (HSV-1 (herpes simplex 1), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBV (Epstein–Barr virus)), acting either by the activation or suppression of virus infectivity [65]. The gene discussed is EGR1; the disease is viral infectious disease.