APAF1 and neoplasm: Inducing cancer cell death by targeting apoptotic signaling pathways through upregulating TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor), p53 (tumor-suppressor gene), Apaf-1 (apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1), and Cyt-c (cytochrome complex), or downregulating BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), is a promising strategy for combating cancer [1].