ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The hypothesis that AO could prolong healthspan by ameliorating chronic degenerative diseases carries more weight considering that direct effects of AO consumption have been described to lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats [183,192]; improve blood glucose and adiponectin levels in lean diabetic rats [179,193] and in diabetic rats on a high-fat, high-fructose diet [181]; reduce insulin resistance [107,194,195] and inflammation levels in various organs in models of obesity and NAFLD [181,195]; improve cognitive performance [195]; and protect against hearing loss [184,185].