TNF and cancer: GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed the substantial involvement of six key pathways, including unfolded protein response, cytokine activity, and TNF signaling, so that many differentially expressed genes were annotated to biological functions, and six pathways with ORF3 were highly involved, namely cellular response to unfolded protein (GO:0034620), inflammatory response (GO:0006954), cytokine activity (GO:0005125), TNF signaling pathway (ko04668), influenza A (ko05164), and pathways in cancer (ko05200).