During septic arthritis pathogenesis, macrophages secrete transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β [175], cytokines with significant roles in NF-κB activation and osteoclast differentiation, perpetuating the inflammatory milieu and bone resorption [176,177]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is bacterial arthritis.