Alternative mechanisms of protein degradation, such as calpain cleavage or lysosomal proteolysis, could account for the loss of XBP1s post-infection, but it should be considered to be more likely that the level of XBP1s and IRE1α decrease as a consequence of the global shutdown of the host protein synthesis that is orchestrated by HAdV5 [29]. The gene discussed is ERN1; the disease is infection.