Among the various pharmacological treatments available for patients with T2DM, which include metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea, insulin, and even herbal medications such as okra extracts, SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate significant cardioprotective effects in patients both with and without T2DM [17,18,19]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.