TNF and diabetes mellitus: Since DM is associated with a deficiency of DGLA, AA, and DHA and the deceased formation of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins with a concomitant increase in pro-inflammatory PGs (including HETEs), LTs, TXs, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, it is suggested that restoring their balance to normal will prevent DR.