CCK and malnutrition: The presented association between TAC, CCK-8, and the prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and obesity is of significant clinical relevance, as these conditions not only frequently co-occur in the elderly but may also significantly increase the risk of malnutrition in this population, affecting their health status and quality of life [159,160,161,162,163,164].