In preclinical (wt and ApoE k.o. mice) and clinical investigations, Weingärtner and colleagues [58] showed that plant sterol supplementation impairs endothelial function (wild-type mice), aggravates ischemic brain injury (mice stroke model), affects atherogenesis in mice, and leads to increased tissue sterol concentrations (human aortic valve cusps). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is stroke disorder.