-None of the participants in the curcumin group progressed to type 2 diabetes, compared to 16.4% in the placebo group.-HOMA-β scores (indicating β-cell function) were significantly higher in the curcumin group (61.58 vs. 48.72; p < 0.01).-Adiponectin levels increased by 22%, while HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) decreased by 20%. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Insulin resistance.