-Fasting blood glucose reduced significantly in the curcumin group (115.49 mg/dL vs. 130.71 mg/dL in placebo; p < 0.05).-HbA1c levels dropped by 6.12% vs. 6.47%; p < 0.05.-HOMA-β (β-cell function) scores improved by 30%, while leptin levels decreased by 55%.-Adiponectin levels increased by 40%, and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) decreased by 20%. Here, LEP is linked to Insulin resistance.