TNF and cancer: Tumor-related leukocytosis caused by the release of cytokines such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-CSF), IL-1a,b, IL-3, IL-6, and TNF-α and its prognostic effect have been described in various cancers, including thyroid cancers [77].