In two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials (ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide —in addition to insulin therapy— reduced HbA1c levels, insulin requirements and body weight in patients with long-standing T1D; however, reductions in HbA1c levels were modest and occurred at the cost of increased rates of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia with ketosis [98,99]. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.