This hesitancy is evidenced by a survey conducted by the “Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni Fungine nelle Emopatie Maligne” (SEIFEM) among 21 Italian hematology centers, which found that G-CSF was used as primary prophylaxis in only 14% of AML patients undergoing induction, a percentage significantly lower than in other hematological malignancies [36]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.