In patients with type 2 diabetes and a high cardiovascular risk, 30 days of therapy with empagliflozin reduced IL-1β and TNF-α production by human macrophages generated from PBMC ex vivo in presence of M-CSF; serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were decreased as well [31]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.