Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) constitute the most common type of thyroid malignancies (80–85%) and are primarily caused by genetic alterations in BRAF and RAS genes, along with RET/PTC rearrangements, resulting in the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is RET; the disease is thyroid gland papillary carcinoma.