The relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and iron accumulation was recently examined by our research group in several rare neurogenetic disorders under the classification of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), such as β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) [25] and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) [28]. The gene discussed is PANK1; the disease is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.