ESR1 and neoplasm: In the current study, when analyzing the correlation between modules and clinicopathological traits (Figure 3), we identified multiple genes with tumor suppressive activities using the TSGene 2.0 (https://bioinfo.uth.edu/TSGene/, accessed on 10 December 2024), including CHEK1, PLK1, MSH2, FANCG, RBL1 and BRCA2 (in the turquoise module), ESR1 (in the brown module) and GAS5 (in the blue module).