In the current study, when analyzing the correlation between modules and clinicopathological traits (Figure 3), we identified multiple genes with tumor suppressive activities using the TSGene 2.0 (https://bioinfo.uth.edu/TSGene/, accessed on 10 December 2024), including CHEK1, PLK1, MSH2, FANCG, RBL1 and BRCA2 (in the turquoise module), ESR1 (in the brown module) and GAS5 (in the blue module). The gene discussed is RBL1; the disease is neoplasm.