INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In contrast to our results, Batacan et al. [31] showed that both short-term HIIT (< 12 weeks) and long-term HIIT (> 12 weeks) had no effect on insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 in people with overweight or obesity, but they were effective in increasing VO2max and improving CVD risk factors.