Conclusions: The preliminary findings of our pilot study suggest that in the gestational diabetes mellitus group, the ADIPOQ rs266729 polymorphism in newborns is not associated with a higher birth weight, maternal fasting glucose levels between 24 and 28 WG were a predictor for macrosomia, and cord blood adiponectin levels were lower than those from control mothers. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and gestational diabetes.