Genetic diseases such as trisomy 21, Bloom syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, and disorders of telomers, as seen in Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenital, or germline mutations noted in CEBPA, RUNX1, and other background disorders, have higher rates of leukemia. Here, RUNX1 is linked to leukemia.