The proportion of Pax7+Myf5+-activated satellite cells was reported to be significantly increased in the vastus lateralis muscle of COPD patients compared with controls [53], and the percentage of central nuclei-positive fibers, which represent newly formed muscle cells, was elevated in patients with COPD without muscle atrophy compared to controls, indicating an attempt to repair the injured muscle [27,52]. Here, PAX7 is linked to muscle atrophy.