An observational study has reported that ESCC tissues exhibited higher protein and gene expression levels of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3) than adjacent non-tumor tissues, indicating the carcinogenic effect of PFKFB3 on the development, occurrence, and prognosis of ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene PFKFB3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.