Moreover, RARβ silencing in human ESCC associated with hypermethylation of the RARβ promoter region led to the progression and severity of esophageal carcinogenesis, but esophageal carcinogenesis could be ameliorated by DNA methyltransferase inhibitors to partially restore RARβ expressions [14]. This evidence concerns the gene RARB and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.