Nevertheless, infection of MH-S macrophages with the MtbΔctpA mutant resulted in the transcription or production of proinflammatory cytokines and microbicidal components essential for the control of Mtb during natural infection, such as IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, iNOS, and NADPH oxidase [39,43]. Here, NOS2 is linked to infection.