GRN and atherosclerosis: Our research group has previously examined the effect of ALA treatment in T2DM patients with neuropathy on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and progranulin (PGRN), and found a decrease of ADMA, which is a known risk factor of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, and an increase of progranulin, which exerts a role in survival, maintenance, and function of neurons and also protects the vascular endothelium against inflammatory reactions and atherosclerosis [20,21,22].