Moreover, the novel potent PAR2 antagonist punicalagin significantly ameliorated kidney injury and splenomegaly and reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in NZB/W F1 lupus mice [92]. This evidence concerns the gene F2RL1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.