TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: We also divided our cohort in two subgroups according to the treatment-approach: IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF-α therapy versus other novel therapies (anti-integrin agents, including Vedolizumab, anti-interleukin agents, including Ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody directed to IL12/23p40) and anti-JAK inhibitors, including Tofacitinib).