ACE and atrial fibrillation: ACE inhibitors reduced AF risk by 25% (OR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65–0.87), ARBs reduced AF risk by 29% (OR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89), and β-blockers reduced AF risk by 22% (OR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67–0.92).