TNF and Abdominal obesity: It has been proposed that in central obesity, white adipose tissue is infiltrated by activated macrophages (M1) [10,11] and correlates with secreting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1α (IL-1α) [7,12,13].