Results: The conditioning medium (CM) from CRC cells indeed promoted the polarization of macrophage toward the M2-like phenotype, whereas the CM from CRC pre-treated with L. plantarum OC01 metabolites induced a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, characterized by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and by decreased expression of the M2 phenotype markers CD206 and CD163. Here, NLRP3 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.