HNF1A and diabetes mellitus: SGLT-2 and GLUT2 are responsible for glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules to maintain glucose homeostasis, and the transcription is upregulated in diabetes due to the glucose-stimulated upregulation in response to the increase in transcription activator hepatic nuclear factor 1-alpha (Hnf1α) which directly binds 5′-flanking region of Sglt2 and Glut2 gene upstream.