Recent studies have shown proteomic analysis differences in 21 proteins and 8 cytokines between neonates with a large PDA and neonates without a PDA; there was an elevation in angiotensinogen, periostin, and pro-inflammatory associations, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8, and anti-inflammatory associations, including IL-1RA and IL-10, while complement factors C8 and carboxypeptidases were decreased. The gene discussed is POSTN; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.