Some genetic factors are associated with an increased risk of PDA, such as TFAP2B (rs987237), TRAF1 (rs1056567), and AGTR1 (rs5186), while others, such as PTGIS (rs493694, rs693649), ESR1 (rs2234693), and IFN-g (rs2430561), are linked to decreasing the risk of PDA. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.