VEGFA and cancer: Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); transforming growth factor (TGF); and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which promote the proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to the formation of new blood vessels to provide nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells [18].