TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Our data reported in Figure 4A demonstrated that 48 h of treatment with 10 μg/mL of PE-EVOOs reduced the percentage of monocytes producing TNF-α in RA patients, with a mean percentage going from 2.91 (SD ± 0.130) in untreated PBMCs to 2.18 (SD ± 0.356) in PE-EVOO-treated PBMCs.