HMOX1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Several recent studies [18] demonstrated the ability of EVOO polyphenols to activate the signaling pathway of Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione peroxidase, ferritin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and antioxidant genes, which protect cells from different injuries via their anti-inflammatory effects, thus influencing the course of several diseases characterized by inflammation, such as RA, asthma, IBD, and Helicobacter pylori infection-induced gastritis [19].