To deeply investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for PE-EVOO antioxidant effect on RA patients and HSs, we performed Western blotting experiments to evaluate the ability of PE-EVOOs to upregulate Nrf2, a transcription factor that controls the expression of several antioxidant genes, regulating the physiological and pathophysiological outcomes of oxidant exposure [43]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.