NPM1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: This difference in patients with NPM1 mutations and MDS-related gene mutations between the two studies may be attributed either to the relatively lower number of patients with MDS-related gene mutations in our study (14 vs. 10), or to the potentially different number and/or representation of MDS-related gene mutations in the two cohorts (such as a prevalence of ASXL1 or RUNX1 mutations).