IRF1 becomes ineffective in a variety of cancers through a number of processes, such as the removal of chromosome 5q31’s IRF1 gene-encoding region, binding of nucleophosmin, a candidate ribosome assembly factor, the deactivation of the tumor suppressor function by the human papillomavirus 16 oncoprotein E7, and the expression of IRF2. Here, IRF1 is linked to neoplasm.