Among others, elevated expression of the following has been detected: RNY3 and RNY4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (tissue and blood serum); RNY1 and RNY3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (FFPE) and in colon cancer; RNY1, RNY3 (cell culture), and RNY4 (blood serum) in colon cancer; and RNY1 (FFPE) in cervical cancer. Here, RNY4 is linked to cervical carcinoma.