However, even in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring high PD-L1 expression, the response rate for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody monotherapy as a first-line treatment is only 38.3–44.8% [4,6], and the accuracy of predictions based on PD-L1 expression is limited. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.