A phase 1/2 study of tofacitinib combined with chidamide (a HDAC inhibitor) in treatment of EN/NK/T-cell lymphoma (NCT03598959) and a phase 2 study of 2% tofacitinib cream in early-stage CTCL patients (IA, IB, and IIA) has been initiated (NCT06698822). Here, HDAC9 is linked to primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.