NFKB1 and neoplasm: This review has synthesized current knowledge of CNPY2’s involvement in multiple oncogenic pathways, including its interactions with p53, MYLIP-mediated androgen receptor regulation, NF-κB-dependent chemoresistance, AKT/GSK3β-mediated metastasis, and its complex roles in the tumor microenvironment involving immune modulation, hypoxic responses, and angiogenesis.