PAK4 and lung cancer: Despite the limited information on the ability of PAK4 to regulate the activity of the focal adhesion kinases (PYK2 and p125FAK) or the adapter protein, p130CAS in the pancreas, PAK4 stimulation is needed for the activation of 125FAK in A549 human lung cancer cells [159], and PAK4 activation is associated with morphologic cellular changes in focal adhesions in NIH 3T3 and in prostate cancer [160,161].