Previous studies demonstrate that the CCK and gastrin-related peptides can activate the ß-catenin and GSK3 pathways in both normal and tumor cells [181,182], and, in the pancreas, their activation by CCK could lead to pancreatitis and the stimulation of protein synthesis and growth, as well as pancreatic regeneration after injury and pancreatic development, and act as an important mediator of pancreatic secretion [183,184,185,186,187,188]. The gene discussed is CCK; the disease is neoplasm.