This is the case because compared to these detailed studies of the presence, signaling and function of PAKs in rat pancreatic exocrine tissue, there is, in general, only limited information on comparative studies of the presence or absence of PAKs or their roles in human pancreatic tissues or other species, except for their roles in islet/insulin secretion and pancreatic cancer. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.