Our study elucidates two pivotal findings regarding antiviral immunity in crustaceans: (1) Rab10 demonstrates essential antiviral functions against WSSV infection, as evidenced by its upregulated expression post-infection and the exacerbated viral replication/mortality upon its suppression; (2) miR-2c facilitates viral pathogenesis by targeting Rab10, representing the first reported mechanism of crustacean miRNA-mediated regulation through small G protein modulation. The gene discussed is RAB10; the disease is infection.