Among them, flavokawain B can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway by inhibiting the formation of the LPS/MD2/TLR4 complex, and tetrahydropalmatine can induce M1 macrophages to polarize to M2 by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway, thus alleviating the inflammatory response in ischemia-reperfusion-induced ALI [33,35,70,73]. Here, TLR4 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.