Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is a key regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of sepsis, as it is essential for inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-mediated oxidative stress, respectively [118,119] (Figure 9). The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is Sepsis.