In the overall cohort, significant differences between patients with negative and tumor-indicative PSMA scans were found for 2/8 (25%) of the analyzed meth-ctDNA markers (CHST11 (p = 0.007), KLF8 (p = 0.026)) and PSA (p < 0.001), with the highest AUC for PSA (AUC 0.77, CI = [0.683; 0.857]) (Figs. 2A, S2, Tables S2, S4, S17). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is neoplasm.