Several clinical conditions may induce nephrocalcinosis during the course of the disease, such as vitamin D replacement, congenital hypothyroidism, inherited tubulopathies, and RTA; hypoparathyroidism-induced hypercalciuria seems to be the most common cause as the fractional excretion of calcium increases and the tubular absorption of calcium decreases due to the lack of PTH. This evidence concerns the gene PTH and congenital hypothyroidism.