Our data is supported by a previous publication from the same group, which showed an impaired in vitro osteogenesis of iPSCs created from cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) RASopathy patient cells carrying activating mutation BRAF Q257R, as a result of increased ERK1/2 activation and a reduced RUNX2 expression37. Here, MAPK3 is linked to cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1.