Iron, a crucial modulator of oxidative stress, also contributes to dystrophic pathology.306 In a mouse model of DMD, the production of iron-dependent hydroxyl radicals has been associated with muscle necrosis, and iron deprivation has shown potential therapeutic benefits by decreasing muscle necrosis.307 Interestingly, iron levels are significantly increased in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of dystrophin-utrophin knockout mice. Here, DMD is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.