Increased levels of components in the TCP-1/cpn60chaperonin complex in exosomes derived from tumor cells, such as CCT3,CCT6A, and TCP1, have been linked with cancer aggressiveness.43,44 Interestingly, a previous study indicated the ability of the TCP-1/cpn60chaperonin complex to act as an intercellular signal that stimulatesimmune cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines.45 Reduced levels of this protein network in the secretedexosomes may imply the benefits of reduced immune responses in thelocal microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene TCP1 and cancer.